The eXtended FEM (X-FEM) [1] is able to simulate arbitrary initiation and propagation of multiple cracks for brittle and ductile material.
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Advantage
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Minimizes the mesh sensitivity
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Achieves the numerical convergence
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Current implementation [2] [ex]
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2D plain strain and 3D shell
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Crack surfaces described by level-set functions
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Cohesive fracture processing zone [kw]
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Phantom node approach [kw]
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Criteria for initializing and advancing cracks [kw]
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Maximum principal stress for brittle material
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Effective plastic strain (EPS) for ductile material
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Crack propagation direction [kw]
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Maximum principal direction of total strain
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EPS center
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Material length scale for ductile cracks [kw]
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Multiple cracks [kw]
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Support pre-crack definition [3]
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Explicit analysis
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Limitation
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Crack propagating cell-by-cell
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Crack segment is straight in each cell
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Keyword
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Application​​​
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Post-failure analysis in shell
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